Intervenciones educativas basadas en inteligencia artificial en la educación médica y odontológica de pregrado: una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/MV0323Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial, revisión de alcance, educación médica, educación dental, alfabetización en IA.Resumen
Introducción: La inteligencia artificial (IA) ha adquirido creciente relevancia en la educación médica y odontológica de pregrado, aunque la evidencia empírica sobre intervenciones educativas basadas en IA permanece dispersa y con limitada explicitación pedagógica. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión de alcance fue mapear las intervenciones educativas basadas en IA implementadas en programas de pregrado en medicina y odontología, así como los resultados de aprendizaje, marcos pedagógicos y competencias de alfabetización en IA reportados. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de alcance siguiendo el marco metodológico de Arksey y O’Malley, los refinamientos de Levac et al. y la guía PRISMA-ScR. La búsqueda se efectuó en Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, ERIC y ProQuest Education Database entre 2021 y marzo de 2026. De 815 registros identificados, 31 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Veintitrés correspondieron a educación médica y ocho a educación odontológica. Las intervenciones se agruparon en seis categorías: modelos generativos y chatbots, simulación clínica, retroalimentación automatizada, apoyo diagnóstico, entrenamiento procedimental e integración curricular. Resultados: Los resultados sugieren que la IA puede contribuir al aprendizaje cuando se integra con mediación docente, práctica repetida y retroalimentación oportuna. No obstante, la evidencia disponible es heterogénea y no demuestra una superioridad uniforme frente a los métodos tradicionales. Conclusión: Se concluye que la integración educativa de la IA requiere diseños pedagógicos explícitos, evaluación rigurosa y el desarrollo de competencias de alfabetización en IA en estudiantes y docentes.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Carmen Inocencia Quintana del Solar , Guadalupe Badillo Márquez , Sara Luz Quevedo Garcia , Germán Vicente Garay Flores , Anace Méndez Torres , José Eugenio Chafloque Capuñay
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
