Carga de la enfermedad asociada al virus de papiloma humano en mujeres adultas: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/MV0363Palabras clave:
Papillomavirus Humano, Infecciones por Papillomavirus, Carga Global de Enfermedad, Mujeres, Prevalencia, Revisión SistemáticaResumen
Introducción: La infección por el virus del papiloma humano (HPV) constituye un problema de salud pública por su elevada frecuencia y asociación con lesiones precancerosas y neoplasias. Su impacto epidemiológico, clínico y económico presenta variaciones poblacionales y geográficas que requieren un análisis integral. Objetivo: Sintetizar la evidencia sobre la carga epidemiológica, clínica y económica del HPV en mujeres adultas, considerando su frecuencia, distribución genotípica, manifestaciones clínicas y variaciones poblacionales y geográficas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática conforme a PRISMA 2020, registrada en PROSPERO con el código CRD420261406577. Se consultaron PubMed, Scopus, SciELO y ScienceDirect para identificar estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2025. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y poblacionales con indicadores epidemiológicos, clínicos o económicos del HPV en mujeres adultas. La calidad metodológica y el riesgo de sesgo se evaluaron mediante herramientas JBI, adaptadas para estudios ecológicos y poblacionales basados en datos secundarios. Resultados: Se incluyeron 442 publicaciones, con predominio de estudios de prevalencia y transversales descriptivos, poblaciones generales o de cribado y localización cervical. La prevalencia fue el indicador más frecuente, seguida de la incidencia y la persistencia. Predominaron los genotipos HPV16 y HPV18. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyeron alteraciones citológicas, lesiones intraepiteliales y neoplasias. La carga económica presentó menor representación y heterogeneidad metodológica. Conclusión: La evidencia revela una carga multidimensional y heterogénea del HPV en mujeres adultas, con predominio de información epidemiológica y cervical, mientras que la dimensión económica y las localizaciones extracervicales permanecen menos estudiadas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Evelin Zúñiga-Sosa , Jomany Julixa Peralta-Perea , María Guadalupe Guaman-Chabla , Heidi Paola Sánchez Caicedo
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