Predisposing factors that lead patients to pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in the Teodoro Maldonado carbo hospital’s intensive care unit. period 2018 – 2019

Abstract

Introduction: There are several risk factors that can lead to pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, both intrinsic and extrinsic, and the percentage of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation is increasing, so medical personnel have a tough fight to try to reduce this problem. Objective: To determine the predisposing factors that lead patients to pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the period 2018 - 2019. Materials and Methods: positivist paradigm, quantitative approach; field modality, not experimental. Descriptive and cross-sectional. The population was 285 patients and the sample of 60, selected in a probabilistic and systematic way. The technique was the survey and the instrument the questionnaire with 15 items, reviewed and validated by expert judgments on the subject, which gave a reliability of 95%. Results: It was evidenced that the predominant factors that increase the risk of VAP are extrinsic elements, among them the most common are: prolonged intubation, re-intubation, secretion aspiration and patient transfer. While those of the intrinsic factor are: malnutrition, age and ethnicity. Conclusion: the importance of a timely diagnosis and following the biosafety standards established before, during and after the intubation process was evidenced as a mechanism to reduce the probability that the patient will develop a VAP.