Biosafety protocol in dentistry Latin America: proposals and challenges

Abstract

Introduction: Dental biosafety is essential for public health, especially in Latin America, where structural, economic, and educational inequalities hinder the effective implementation of the protocols recommended by the WHO and the CDC. The COVID-19 pandemic marked a turning point in the implementation of preventive measures, although with uneven results between countries. Objective: To analyze dental biosafety protocols in Latin America, identifying challenges, proposals for improvement, and gaps in their implementation during the period 2021–2025. Materials and methods: A descriptive systematic review was conducted using a positivist approach, analyzing 30 scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 in the Scielo, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. DeCS descriptors related to dental biosafety were used, applying Boolean operators “AND,” “OR,” and “NOT.” Studies more than four years old or that did not directly address the biosafety variable were excluded. Results: Most Latin American countries have national biosafety regulations, but compliance is limited by high costs, lack of supplies, and insufficient training. Although professionals have adequate knowledge, practical adherence remains low. The pandemic led to temporary improvements such as the use of N95 respirators and teledentistry, but these have not been institutionalized in a sustainable manner. Conclusion: Biosafety protocols in Latin America need to be strengthened through comprehensive public policies, institutional oversight, continuous training, and a sustained culture of prevention. Consolidating biosafety beyond emergency contexts is key to ensuring safe and equitable care.