Factors influencing the decision to start dialysis modality treatment in patients at the “abel gilbert pontón” hospital – 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic renal failure is the fourth cause of mortality in Ecuador, in addition, it is a public health problem due to its high incidence, prevalence, high costs in health care, and also due to its morbidity and mortality, which is increasing. Objective: To determine the factors that influence the decisions about the start of dialysis modality treatment in patients with chronic kidney problems in order to have a clear and precise conceptualization of this technique, evidencing the advantages and disadvantages of dialysis therapies. Materials and methods: the methodology is inserted in the positivist paradigm under the quantitative approach. The modality was field, descriptive-deductive level, non-experimental design, cross-sectional. The population is made up of approximately 500 patients admitted to the Nephrology area of the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital from January to June 2019. The sample was calculated using a simple random probabilistic sampling represented by 95 patients admitted to the nephrology area for the first time. Results: they indicated that similar percentages close to 50% are affected from gender, the age ranges most affected by CKD, is the segment between 50 and 80 years where 64% of those affected are grouped, according to their origin 79% come from the urban area, 82% of the patients do not know what dialysis is, 85% do not know the dialysis modalities that exist and more than 90% of the patients admit having little or no knowledge to make a decision regarding the treatment to select. Conclusion: the study determined that the most relevant cause regarding the ability of patients to decide on their dialysis therapy is inherent to the information they have about it. Finally, a comprehensive training program is suggested as a solution to the fundamental cause detected.