Healthy lifestyles as a preventive strategy against type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults from a rural Ecuadorian community: a descriptive study

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, closely associated with modifiable risk factors such as poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, and overweight. Its increase is particularly significant in rural populations, where inequalities in access to health services and health education persist. Objective: To analyze the relationship between healthy lifestyles and the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults from a rural Ecuadorian community. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 20 adults selected through non-probabilistic sampling. A structured instrument was applied to assess eating habits, consumption of sugary beverages, and physical activity. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: It was found that 60 percent of participants consume fruits three times per week and more than 50 percent consume vegetables at least five days per week. However, 30 percent reported high consumption of sugary beverages (four or more days per week), representing a significant risk factor. Fish consumption was moderate (two to three times per week). The results show a coexistence of protective behaviors and risk factors. Conclusion: Healthy lifestyles play a key role in the prevention of T2DM; however, the persistence of risk behaviors highlights the need for comprehensive educational interventions in rural communities.