Maternal age and body mass index as risk factors for preeclampsia in Cajamarca, 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/MV0328Keywords:
Preeclampsia, maternal age, body mass index, risk factors, pregnant women, obstetric risk.Abstract
Introduction: The study was conducted in 2022 at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca. Objective: And its objective was to determine whether maternal age and body mass index (BMI) constituted risk factors for preeclampsia in pregnant women treated in the emergency department. Materials and methods: A quantitative approach was employed, with a cross-sectional and non-experimental design, based on a review of medical records. The population consisted of 588 records in total, from which a sample of 396 pregnant women was selected through simple random sampling, including 181 women diagnosed with preeclampsia and 215 without the condition. Maternal age was considered a risk factor when it was below 20 years or above 35 years, and BMI was classified according to the World Health Organization (normal weight, overweight, or obesity). The analysis included Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression using IBM SPSS version 25, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A significant association was found between high-risk maternal age and preeclampsia (OR = 1.9; p = 0.016). Likewise, elevated BMI was associated with preeclampsia (p < 0.001), with a higher proportion of cases observed among overweight and obese pregnant women compared to those with normal weight. Conclusions: The regression model showed a Nagelkerke R² of 0.340, indicating a moderate explanatory capacity. In conclusion, extreme maternal age and high BMI were significantly associated with the risk of preeclampsia among pregnant women who attended the emergency department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca in 2022, supporting their inclusion in obstetric risk screening and the strengthening of preventive interventions through early prenatal care.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Alexis Pajares-Wong , Doris Elizabeth Zelada-Chavarry, Wilson Edgardo León, Ethel Paola González-Esparza
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