Evaluation of Nutritional Status as a Predictor of In-Hospital Morbidity in Surgical Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: In-hospital malnutrition affects between 10% and 60% of surgical patients worldwide, being associated with clinical complications, prolonged hospital stays, and higher costs. Despite its relevance, it is often underestimated and misdiagnosed. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical observational study was conducted in 163 surgical patients over 18 years old at Hospital General San Francisco (HGSF) between December 2022 and January 2023. The "MUST" tool was used to assess malnutrition risk. Objectives: To evaluate nutritional status as a marker of in-hospital morbidity in surgical patients and analyze the prevalence of malnutrition. Results: 13.50% of patients had a high risk of malnutrition, 26.38% had a moderate risk, and 60.12% had a low risk. The simple logistic regression model had a sensitivity of 0.58, while the multivariable model improved sensitivity to 0.81. Discussion: Although the association between malnutrition and morbidity was weak, the "MUST" tool was useful for identifying risk levels. Malnutrition remains a significant risk factor in surgical patients, highlighting the need for preventive interventions. Conclusions: In-hospital malnutrition is a significant issue among surgical patients. Preventive measures and adequate nutritional monitoring are necessary to reduce morbidity and associated hospital costs.