Cardiovascular risk factors in a rural sample of older adults

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk factors are conditions that increase the probability of developing heart disease in older adults. In rural communities, the prevalence of these factors may be affected by limited access to health services, underscoring the need to investigate their impact. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics (BMI, blood pressure, pulse, postprandial glucose, dietary habits, exercise, family medical history, and emotional state) of older adults in the rural communities of Santa Rosa, Ambato, Ecuador, to identify and quantify cardiovascular risk factors. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a quantitative approach and descriptive scope was used with a sample of 150 older adults. Results: The 19-question survey with internal reliability showed that 42.7% were overweight, 13.3% were obese, 19.3% had high blood pressure, 8.7% had prediabetes, and 3.3% had diabetes. In addition, 28.7% did not consume low-salt foods, 26.0% did not reduce fat in their food, 42% had less than 4 hours of exercise per week, 51.3% had irritability, and 38.0% had depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These results underscore the urgency of implementing prevention programs, health education, and improving access to medical care in these rural areas to mitigate the risks associated with cardiovascular disease in this vulnerable population.