Triggering factors of postbirth depression in adolescents: a pilot study

Abstract

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a major Public Health problem that is associated with biological, psychological, and social consequences for the mother-child relationship. Objectives: Determine the triggering factors of postpartum depression in adolescents. Relate postpartum depression with the type of termination of labor: vaginal or cesarean section. To analyze the emotional state of an adolescent with postpartum depression. Methodology: Field, non-experimental, descriptive and transversal. Population and sample: made up of 121 adolescent mothers. Instruments: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for the identification of postpartum depression and to collect information on risk factors, an instrument created by the author was used, based on already validated instruments. Results: The pilot plan was carried out with 10 adolescent postpartum women. Age of first pregnancy 10 – 14 years: (n=1; 10%) from 15 – 19 years (n=9, 90%) Socioeconomic level: Low (n=2, 20%) and Medium (n =8; 80%). School dropout (n=4, 40%). Couple relationship: Good (n=3; 30%), fair (n=5; 50%) and bad (n=2; 20%). Marital status: Free union (n=3, 30%) and single (n=7; 70%). Edinburgh test: mild depression (n=3, 30%), moderate (n=7, 70%). Termination of delivery: Vaginal route (n=8, 80%), Caesarean section (n=2, 20%). Conclusion: Postpartum depression does not have a specific etiology. The risk of postpartum depression is mainly related to socioeconomic and family problems. The detection of prevalence and factors of postpartum depression, allows to start its study and follow-up for the benefit of the mother and the subsequent rearing of the newborn.