Fundamentals of applied robotics: an integrated guide on control, programming and training

Yuri  Merizalde Zamora; Miroslav Alulema Cuesta  Alulema Cuesta; Tyron  Alcivar Reyna; Joel  Barba Salazar

doi:10.47606/ACVEN/PH0383

Authors

Yuri Merizalde Zamora Universidad de Guayaquil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9845-8073
Miroslav Alulema Cuesta Alulema Cuesta Universidad de Guayaquil https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6527-7567
Tyron Alcivar Reyna Universidad de Guayaquil | ESPOL https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-2161
Joel Barba Salazar Universidad de Guayaquil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-7978

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/PH0383

Keywords:

Aprendizaje, Tipos de robots, Métodos de control, Programación, Entrenamiento, Manipulación robótica, Navegación autónoma

Abstract

La robótica aplicada se ha convertido en una herramienta transversal en la investigación, la manufactura y la automatización. Sin embargo, su adopción por parte de profesionales no especializados en ingeniería se ve limitada por la complejidad técnica y la rápida evolución de sus paradigmas. Este artículo de revisión ofrece un marco conceptual accesible que permite a los no especialistas comprender, evaluar y aplicar sistemas robóticos. La discusión se organiza en tres pilares: la taxonomía de plataformas (manipuladores, robots móviles y humanoides), los métodos de control (cinemática, dinámica y planificación de trayectorias) y los paradigmas de programación y entrenamiento (desde arquitecturas como ROS hasta técnicas de imitación y aprendizaje por refuerzo). Se enfatiza la integración del control clásico, la programación estructurada y el aprendizaje automático en arquitecturas híbridas que logran comportamientos robustos y adaptables. De este modo, el artículo funciona como una guía educativa y estratégica que orienta en la selección, integración y operación de robots para resolver problemas reales e impulsar la innovación en múltiples dominios.

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