Psychometric Design and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Commercial Management in Micro and Small Enterprises in Huánuco, Peru

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/PH0478

Keywords:

commercial management, MSEs, Huánuco, instrument design, validation, factor analysis, reliability

Abstract

This study aimed to design and psychometrically validate an instrument to measure commercial management in micro and small enterprises in Huánuco, Peru. A quantitative instrumental research design with a cross-sectional approach was conducted. The population consisted of 750 formal enterprises, and the questionnaire was applied to a sample of 294 MSEs. The instrument included 48 items distributed across eight theoretical dimensions. Content validity, assessed using Aiken’s V coefficient, yielded values above 0.80. Internal reliability reached a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.976. Exploratory factor analysis explained 79.89% of the total variance, and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated adequate model fit. The findings confirm that the instrument exhibits strong validity, internal consistency, and factorial structure, providing a reliable tool for evaluating commercial management in regional business contexts.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aiken, L. R. (1985). Three coefficients for analyzing the reliability and validity of ratings. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 45(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164485451012

Andrade, J. E. (2017). La gestión comercial y su influencia en el crecimiento de las PYMES del sector turístico hotelero de la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. ECA Sinergia. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=585862207006

Arias, M., & Covinos, J. (2021). Metodología de la investigación científica en ciencias sociales. Fondo Editorial UCSS.

Ato, M., López, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038–1059.

ComexPerú. (2024). Las micro y pequeñas empresas en el Perú – Resultados 2024. https://www.comexperu.org.pe/upload/articles/reportes/reporte-mypes-2024.pdf

Diario Ahora. (2025, julio 10). Huánuco: Competitividad en crisis, altos niveles de informalidad y brechas en salud y educación. https://ahora.com.pe/huanuco-competitividad-en-crisis-altos-niveles-de-informalidad-y-brechas-en-salud-y-educacion/

George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference (16th ed.). Routledge.

Gilem, J. A., & Gilem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.

Hernández-Sampieri, R., & Mendoza, C. P. (2018). Metodología de la investigación: Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. McGraw-Hill Education.

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Dirección de marketing (15.ª ed.). Pearson Educación.

Luaces, S. (2024). La transformación digital de las MYPES es clave para impulsar la competitividad. PNUD Perú. https://www.undp.org/es/peru/noticias

Malhotra, N. K. (2020). Investigación de mercados (8.ª ed.). Pearson Educación.

Mundaca, J. A., & Huarachi, J. A. (2019). Validación empírica del modelo conceptual de gestión empresarial para las MYPES de la región Lambayeque. Revista Científica Pakamuros, 7(2), 1–12.

OECD. (2023). OECD SME and entrepreneurship outlook 2023. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/oecd-outlook-2023-en

Otzen, T., & Manterola, C. (2017). Técnicas de muestreo sobre una población a estudio. International Journal of Morphology, 35(1), 227–232.

Puma Rimachi, J. R., Puma Rimachi, M. J., & Rivas Mago, L. (2024). Gestión empresarial y su influencia en la competitividad de las MYPES del distrito de Sicunani, Cusco, Perú. Integración, 8(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.38881/ir.v8i1.881

Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd

World Bank. (2024). Small and medium enterprise (SME) finance report 2024. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/smefinance

Published

2026-04-11

How to Cite

Orizano , D. H. . ., Agustin Hurtado , A. J. . ., Martel Fretell, B. H. . ., Polino Puente , E. J. ., Linares Beraún , W. G. . ., Toledo Martínez , J. D. . ., Alejandro Flores , S. R. ., & Estela Chujutalli , J. J. . . (2026). Psychometric Design and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Commercial Management in Micro and Small Enterprises in Huánuco, Peru. Prohominum, 8(2), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.47606/ACVEN/PH0478

Issue

Section

Artículos

Most read articles by the same author(s)