Digitalization of the Peruvian Public Sector: Progress, Gaps, and Challenges of Digital Transformation: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The digitalization of the public sector has become a strategic pillar of the modernization of the Peruvian State, and the objective of this systematic review was to analyze the progress, gaps, and challenges of the digital transformation of Peru's public administration during the 2020–2025 period. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 Statement. The literature search was carried out in the SciELO, Redalyc, and Dialnet databases, as well as institutional repositories, and was complemented with documents from international organizations using structured search strategies with Boolean operators. A total of 42 records were identified, of which 11 duplicates were removed. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 studies were selected for the qualitative synthesis. Likewise, the studies included in the review underwent methodological quality assessment using a standardized instrument. The results indicated that, across the 13 included studies, there was consistent evidence showing that Peru had made progress in strengthening its regulatory framework, enhancing interoperability, expanding digital public services, and improving its position in the United Nations E-Government Development Index (EGDI). However, most studies identified the persistence of territorial and socioeconomic disparities, limitations in interoperability among public entities, cybersecurity deficiencies, and heterogeneous institutional capacities across subnational governments as the main challenges. In conclusion, the available evidence indicated that public sector digitalization in Peru had advanced during the analyzed period; however, its consolidation depends on strengthening interoperability, reducing digital divides, reinforcing cybersecurity, and ensuring coordinated implementation across the different levels of government.