Interprovincial transportation in high andean areas: quality assessment based on user perception

Abstract

This study evaluates the quality of the interprovincial public transport service on the Huaraz–Caraz route (2023), focusing on user perception and the technological systems employed. It addresses the need to enhance accessibility, safety, and operational efficiency in high Andean regions, where infrastructure and regulatory frameworks are often limited. A descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was used, employing Likert scale surveys (397 valid responses out of a total of 10474 daily passengers), direct observations of an average of 57 vehicles per day over a week from a fleet of 399 units, and a review of local regulations. Findings indicate that the majority of users are young men (18–35 years) traveling for work-related purposes, with an average frequency of two trips per week. Perceived insecurity is linked to deficient road infrastructure, informal terminals in Huaraz, reckless driving practices, and weak regulatory oversight. The fleet, although modern and diesel-powered, lacks real-time monitoring systems and electronic payment options, which limits service efficiency and compliance with standards. Based on these findings, the study proposes a quality assessment model tailored to high Andean contexts, integrating user perception and technological diagnostics distinguishing itself from conventional urban transport evaluations. The conclusions underscore that existing deficiencies negatively affect user satisfaction and compromise the sustainability of the service. Recommendations include the establishment of a transport observatory for continuous monitoring, the adoption of GPS tracking and digital payment systems, the implementation of equitable fare policies, and the application of regulatory instruments such as Pigouvian taxes and emission limits. These measures aim to foster transparency, citizen engagement, and modernization of public transport, thereby contributing to sustainable regional development.